• [S23] Birth date computed from age at death.
  • [S59] Joseph A. Meiser Jr. and Sarah Roadarmel Meiser, Genealogists Guide to Burials in Northumberland County, PA, Volume II (Grantham, PA: Ddraig Gooch Publications, Robert L.K. Jones, 3rd edition 1998). Hereinafter cited as Northumberland County Burials II.
  • [S62] Robert Harry Greenfield, Greenfield Family Home Page (Internet genealogy available at www.familytreemaker.com/users/g/r/e/Robert-H-Greenfield/index.html). Hereinafter cited as Greenfield Family Home Page.
  • [S74] Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, Johannes Schwalm The Hessian (Millville, PA 1976: Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, 1976). Hereinafter cited as Johannes Schwalm The Hessian.
  • [S77] Mary Klinger and Harvey Lubold, Klinger's Church Cemetery Listing (Available on Internet, 1996). Hereinafter cited as Klinger's Church Cemetery Listing.
  • [S78] Mary K. Klinger, Klingers from the Odenwald, Hesse, Germany (Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 1989). Hereinafter cited as Klingers from the Odenwald.
  • [S95] Barbara Lenker, Lenker Family Database (Online: http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com). Hereinafter cited as Lenker Family Database.
  • [S107] Newspaper Article.
  • [S108] Newspaper Obituary.
  • [S112] John T. Humphrey, Pennsylvania Births: Lebanon County 1714-1800 (Washington, DC: Humphrey Publications, 1996). Hereinafter cited as Lebanon County Births.
  • [S127] Phillip A. Rice and Jean A. Dellock, compiler, Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church, at Killinger, Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin County Pennsylvania (Apollo, PA: Closson Press for Schuylkill Roots, 1996). Hereinafter cited as Salem (Killinger) Church Records.
  • [S128] St. Michael's Church, Baptisms, Klingerstown, PA, online: ftp://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/schuylkill/church/stmich.txt. Hereinafter cited as St. Michael's Baptisms.
  • [S133] Mary Kessler Klinger, "The Klinger Family", Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association vol. 3, no. 3 (1987). Hereinafter cited as "The Klinger Family."
  • [S137] Rev. J.W. Early, Trinity Lutheran Church, Reading PA, Records (Closson Press, Apollo, PA: Schuylkill Roots, 1990). Hereinafter cited as Trinity Church (Reading) Records.
  • [S144] Elsie Mae Klinger Eaves. World Family Tree Vol. 4, Tree # 2801.
  • [S147] Irwin R. Klinger, Zion (Klinger's) Church History (Erdman, PA: Zion (Klinger's) Church, 1987). Hereinafter cited as Klinger's Church History.
  • [S168] Daughters of American Revolution, compiler, DAR Lineage Book (Washington, DC: National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution). Hereinafter cited as DAR Lineage Book.
  • [S183] Pennsylvania Archives, Vol. XVIII, Third series). Hereinafter cited as Pennsylvania Archives, 3rd Series, vol. XVIII.
  • [S184] Pennsylvania Archives, Vol. XVII, 3rd Series). Hereinafter cited as Pa. Archives, 3rd series, Vol. XVII.
  • [S186] 1930 US Census.
  • [S190] 1870 US Census.
  • [S191] 1880 U.S. Census.
  • [S199] 1910 Census.
  • [S218] "Frederick S. Schwalm," Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 60 (1982).
  • [S222] George Schwalm and N. Daniel Schwalm, "All In The Family," Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 3, no. 1 (1985).
  • [S234] 1820 US Census. Hereinafter cited as 1820 US Census.
  • [S249] George H. Schwalm and N. Daniel Schwalm, "All In The Family," Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 6, no. 2 (1998).
  • [S250] George H. Schwalm and N. Daniel Schwalm, "All In The Family," Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 6, no. 3 (1999).
  • [S260] George H. Schwalm and N. Daniel Schwalm, "All In The Family," Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 7, no. 3 (2003).
  • [S285] 1900 U.S. Census.
  • [S290] Glenn P. Schwalm, compiler, St. Andrew's United Methodist Church Records - Part Two (Apollo, PA: Closson Press for Schuylkill Roots, 1991). Hereinafter cited as St. Andrew's Records - II.
  • [S360] Donald Reed and N. Daniel Schwalm, "All In the Family", The Hessians: Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association 9 (2006). Hereinafter cited as "All In the Family, JJHSA vol. 9."
  • [S370] Williams, Anna E., Obituary, Republican & Herald, Pottsville, PA, September 18, 2005. Hereinafter cited as Anna E. Williams Obituary.
  • [S376] Morton L. Montgomery, Historical and Biographical Annals of Berks County Pennsylvania (Chicago, IL: J.H. Beers & Co., 1909). Hereinafter cited as Berks County History (1909).
  • [S393] Veterans Administration National Gravesite Database, online http://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/j2ee/servlet/NGL_v1, data downloaded November 17, 2006. Hereafter cited as VA National Gravesite Database.
  • [S401] Brian Barr Wiest, Genealogy of the Wiest Family (Transcribed and updated by Bruce T. Hall, 2001: Unpublished typescript, undated). Hereinafter cited as Wiest Family History.
  • [S517] Artz, Robert E., Obituary, Patriot-News, Harrisburg, PA, October 3, 2007. Hereinafter cited as Robert E. Artz Obituary.
  • [S702] Phillip A. Rice and Jean A. Dellock, compilers, Early German Wills in Schuylkill County in Schuylkill County Vital Records, vol. I (Laughlintown, PA: Southwest Pennsylvania Genealogical Services, 1989). Hereinafter cited as Early German Wills in Schuylkill County.
  • [S805] Find A Grave, online www.findagrave.com. Hereinafter cited as Find A Grave.
  • [S836] Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Pennsylvania Veterans Burial Cards, 1777–2012 (Harrisburg, PA: Archive Collection Number: Series 1-7; Folder Number: 255.). Hereinafter cited as Pennsylvania Veterans Burial Cards, 1777–2012.
  • [S970] Www.ancestry.com, online www.ancestry.com,.
  • [S1062] Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967 (Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Health). Hereinafter cited as Pennsylvania, Death Certificates.
  • [S1140] Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, online www.ancestry.com,.
  • [S1147] Online Obituary.
  • [S1191] Donald C. Reed, Descendants of Johannes Schwalm and Allied Families 2d Edition., CD-ROM (Lancaster, PA: Donald C. Reed, 2016), Descendants of Johannes Schwalm. Hereinafter cited as Descendants of Johannes Schwalm 2d ed.
  • [S1203] Gratz Historical Society History of Lykens Township, II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Sunbury Press, 2017). Hereinafter cited as Lykens Township History II.
  • [S1340] Dauphin County Property Tax Information, online https://gis.dauphincounty.org/dauphincountyparcelviewer/…,PID,39-003-007. Hereinafter cited as Dauphin County Property Tax Records.
  • [S1341] I. Daniel Rupp, A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 (Philadelphia, PA: Leary Stuart Co., 1927). Hereinafter cited as Rupp 30,000 Names.
  • [S1395] Kenneth S. Jones, "Historical Echoes", Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, Inc. vol. 2, no. 4 (1984). Hereinafter cited as "Historical Echoes."
  • [S1396] Johannes Schwalm Historical Association Website, online JSHA Website. Hereinafter cited as JSHA Website.